But for taxation or foreign policy issues, such as trade agreements or sanctions, unanimity is required. Does the EU work? Now, 19 countries use the euro. © 2021 BBC. Does it work in older people? What does Gibraltar have to do with Brexit? Those who support Brexit - nicknamed 'leavers' - believe that this money could be better spent elsewhere. is like the voice of EU member governments when it comes to EU laws and policy. It also settles any legal arguments between members. The researchers working for the European Parliamentary Research Service have produced 1 800 short notes on what the EU does for anyone from pet owners to parents, and brewers to bee-keepers, as well as a selection that showcase the EU projects that benefit your home region. But France wants to keep the Strasbourg sessions and switching to a "single seat" in Brussels would require treaty change. When you hear discussions about politics, it is often people who are mentioned: the prime minister of your country, for example, or an opposition leader. The parliament has grown because 13 countries - mostly ex-communist states in Central and Eastern Europe - have joined since 2004. The Videos listing page (Image credit: studio.youtube.com) Video detail page. In 2012 the budget for the service was 489m euros (£422m; $649m), and it has a staff of 3,500 (1,500 in HQ and 2,000 in delegations). The new Commission President is former Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker. Who decides what in the EU? India ignores Covid surge to hold IPL cricket tournament, Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China. Some countries signed up to a special treaty called the Schengen Treaty which allows people to travel between Schengen countries without a passport. The result was a special deal signed by six countries to bring together their coal and steel resources in 1950. A European Parliament report this year called the service top-heavy and slow to react to crises. Some say that EU leaders have too much control over what the UK can do and that it is time we leave. European Union priorities for 2019-2024; What the EU does for its citizens; EU citizenship; Countries. Are pay-by-the-minute booths the future of work? It has one judge from each EU country, plus 11 other important staff called advocates general. People’s views of the merits of being a member of the EU could, in part, turn on how well or badly they think the EU and its various institutions operate as a whole. The Commission has a staff of about 33,000. The idea was that if countries relied on each other economically, they would be less likely to go to war with each other. How does the YouTube algorithm work in 2020? The Lisbon Treaty, signed in 2007, gave the European Parliament more powers than it had previously. Again, those Committees work through secretive deliberations with EU Ministers and civil servants, who give directives to political groups in the European Parliament so as to ensure the passage of its proposals. It is based in Luxembourg. Some decisions are made at European level. Now, May wanted to work out a compromise, in which the U.K. technically would leave the EU but would stay in Europe's economic marketplace and not have its exports subjected to customs checks and restrictions [source: Judah]. This is currently due to happen at 11pm on Friday 29 March, 2019. From a small group of nations in the 1950s, the EU is now made up of 28 different countries. For many years in Britain, politicians have argued about whether it is better for the UK to be in or out of the EU and not everyone agrees. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Many people want the UK to be able to make its own deals like this. The U.K. was the first … Not only that, but no member of the EU has ever left the group before. The Schengen Treaty (signed in 1985, initially by only five EU countries) means that many EU citizens can move between countries signed up to the deal without using a passport. Three countries have open borders with the Schengen Area: Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. MEPs now have "co-decision" powers in nearly all policy areas, meaning that they shape EU laws on an equal basis with the Council. That's the parliament's job. However, as it also incorporates copyright works … The European Commission does the day-to-day work of running the EU. Countries may have to make changes to their laws so that they don't clash with the laws of the EU. Its members usually meet four times a year to talk about important issues affecting their countries. It was a historic day as the UK has been a member of the EU for more than 40 years. It allows these countries to have special deals with each other as part of something called the EU's single market. With post-Brexit trade negotiations between the UK and the EU very much underway, free ports are being seen as one of the trump-cards of the government when it comes to exerting some pressure on the EU, by further opening up the UK to the rest of the world. Those who want the UK to leave think that the UK will be better off by having more control over itself and being able to make its own separate deals with other countries, both inside and outside the EU. The EU are in the process of agreeing a budget, without the UK, for 2021-27. The EU didn’t admit its budget will collapse without the UK’s contribution post-Brexit. Furthermore, to be a member of the group, countries have to pay money, which is done mostly through taxes. ‘How the EU works’ means how decisions are taken at EU level and who takes those decisions. According to the EU's official website: "In the EU's single market (sometimes also called the internal market), people, goods, services and money can move around the EU as freely as within a single country. This room is where the European Parliament meet. The algorithm’s goals are twofold: find the right video for each viewer, and get viewers to keep watching. Four non-EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland have adopted the Schengen Agreement. It represents the governments of the member states; the ministers meet regularly according to their policy area. Countries have to prove certain things in order to be allowed to join. does the day-to-day work of running the EU. VideoCovid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China, Call My Agent star joins plea to reopen French theatres, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised' Video'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised', ‘Please don’t lend Kenya more money’. The EE Video Data Pass will cover the data you use when you're streaming content e.g the show you've chosen to watch from one of the selected video apps covered. Any European state can apply to become a member. The EU at work; Economy; Cohesion; Citizens ; External relations; Contents; How the European Union works. New EU laws, or revisions to existing ones, come about usually after requests from governments, Euro MPs or lobby groups. Under these treaties, the bloc’s twenty-eight members agree to pool their sovereignty and delegate many decision-making powers to the EU It enforces EU rules, and if a member state delays enacting an agreed policy, or simply refuses to comply, then the Commission will warn them and if necessary pursue them at the EU Court of Justice. Covid-19 vaccine trial in children paused but 'no safety concerns'. EU laws become part of national legislation after detailed negotiations between the Council and the European Parliament. They examine draft laws from the Commission and make recommendations, so the final text is a compromise - often the result of numerous amendments. Nineteen out of the 28 countries in the EU use the EU's special currency called the euro. The EU was given its current structure and powers in 2007 with the Lisbon Treaty, also known as the Reform Treaty. The legal doctrine of supremacy of EU law means that EU labour law takes precedence over domestic labour law. There are 751 MEPs. Everybody has different reasons for wanting the UK to remain a member of the EU, but many people believe that the UK as a nation is stronger as a member of the group. For example, Switzerland is neither a member of the EU or the EEA, but it is part of the single market, giving Swiss citizens the same rights to live and work in the UK as other EEA nationals. There is much dispute about whether the EEAS has made EU foreign policy any more coherent. Read about our approach to external linking. This photo was being taken as Estonia entered the Schengen borderless zone in 2007. For example, if they're talking about farming laws, then farming ministers from each country will come. … 'Remainers' - as people who support the UK remaining in the EU are sometimes called - generally believe that it is better when countries work closer together in a group like this. One EU country, Ireland has declined the Schengen benefits. The European Union has its own legislature and executive, as well as an independent judiciary and a central bank. Prime Minister Theresa May is hoping that politicians in the UK Parliament will vote to approve her Brexit deal. And the same is true for the EU. This man, Jean-Claude Juncker, is the current president of the European Commission, The EU was formed in the aftermath of World War Two in the hope that it would help to keep peace if countries worked more closely together, EU members work together to protect the environment from, for example, the overuse of single-use plastics. Seven years later, another deal was signed in Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) - which is what is considered to be the foundation of the EU as we know it today. The European Union currently has over 500 million citizens. What's life like on the Covid-free island of Sark? Croatia became the 28th member when it joined on 1 July 2013. Navalny 'losing sensation in legs and hands', Jabs 'breaking link' between UK cases and deaths, A shrinking river sparks a fight for water access. The EU hasn’t said Brexit will collapse the EU budget. The EU is run by five main institutions: the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the European Commission and the Court of Justice.. Germany, France, Italy and the UK have 29 votes each, while Malta has three. When the EEC was formed (which would later become the EU), it was more about buying and selling goods and services between member countries. Two years before, U.K. voters had surprised the world by narrowly deciding to leave the European Union (EU). However, specific tweaks to … These are supported and complemented by a set of institutions and bodies, the powers conferred on which derive from the founding Treaties. But it does have another remedy in the Belgian system, De Rey explains: If a company is in breach of a contract, the other party can appoint another producer to do the job at the expense of the company in breach. For example, what will happen to the border between Northern Ireland (which is part of the UK, scheduled to leave the EU) and the Republic Ireland (which will remain in the EU), and how the UK will buy and sell goods with EU countries. 1. Read about our approach to external linking. That means the government is sensible about the amount of money it spends and does not interfere too much in the way people do business. Do you think behaviour in schools is worse after lockdown? The EEAS is led by Baroness Ashton from the UK, a Labour Party peer, who will step down in December 2014. Critics claimed Article 13 would have made it nearly impossible to upload even the tiniest part of a copyrighted work to Facebook, YouTube, or any other site. The United Kingdom joined in 1973 - just one year after Newsround was born! They must show that they treat their people fairly, respect their human rights and allow them to vote in elections. It meets at least four times each year, but more often when necessary. ensures that all countries and institutions that are part of the EU are following EU laws properly and in the same way. The Commission's job is to draft EU laws and act as "guardian of the treaties". Read about our approach to external linking. Introducing the European Union How it works, who does what What this publication is about This publication is a guide on how the European Union (EU) works. They must show that their economies are properly run. BBC Europe correspondent Matthew Price has been exploring the corridors of power in Brussels, and here he explains what each EU institution does. More about the 2019 European elections results It helps to decide how much money the EU should spend. The EU was formed in the aftermath of World War Two. The Council’s primary job is to work with the Parliament to amend and adopt Commission proposals. Other countries interested in joining include Iceland, Serbia and Turkey. EU summits are meetings of a separate institution - the "European Council" - that is, when all the heads of government meet. There are seven official EU institutions, which work together to run the EU: The European Central Bank (which manages the euro and deals with economic issues) the European Court of Auditors (which checks EU funds are collected and used correctly, and managed well) make up the other two official institutions. Together with the European Parliament, the Council is the main decision-making body of the EU. Watch the moment that the Brexit result was declared, Prime Minister David Cameron announces that he'll resign, The moment the UK was *officially* on its way out. But Catherine Ashton's office argues that the EEAS has responded efficiently to emergencies in Africa and has achieved successes elsewhere, such as the April 2013 Serbia-Kosovo deal, reached after long, gruelling talks. Kardashian tries to get photo wiped off the web1, 'Strong' evidence found for a new force of nature2, Navalny 'losing sensation in legs and hands'3, Myanmar ambassador to UK 'locked out' of embassy4, Jabs 'breaking link' between UK cases and deaths5, Beijing now has more billionaires than any city6, PM 'deeply concerned' about Belfast violence7, Are pay-by-the-minute booths the future of work?8, Rare Superman comic sells for record $3.25m9, Hong Kong citizens given 'support' to come to UK10. The European Union is an international organisation made up of 28 member countries, and more than 500 million people. Voting in the Council is weighted according to a country's size and economic power, so for example Germany has a bigger weight than Luxembourg. BBC Europe correspondent Matthew Price has been exploring the corridors of power in Brussels, and here he explains what each EU institution does. There is often pressure from all three areas for the Commission to take action. Five years after the war ended, France and Germany came up with a plan to ensure that their two countries would never go to war against each other again. The EU aims to improve the lives of all those who live and work in member countries by making rules and setting standards. With all this talk of Brexit and the UK leaving the EU, let's take a look back at what the EU actually is and how it affects people's lives. GCC and EU compared: How they work and why they exist. It is their job to set the EU's main priorities and overall policy direction. Why do some people want the UK to leave the EU? The Europe flag is the official symbol of the European Union. There is also something called European Economic Area (EEA), which includes EU countries and also Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The next step is for Prime Minister Theresa May to get politicians in the UK Parliament to sign off on it too - something which may not be easy. Do they think the EU is run democratically or undemocratically? ‘How the EU works’ means: how decisions are taken at EU level and who takes those decisions. Germany has the most - 96, France 74, the UK and Italy 73 each, and the three smallest countries - Estonia, Luxembourg and Malta - have six each. Many people felt that the best chance of preventing future wars, and of promoting peace and prosperity in Europe, was if countries worked more closely together. When countries are in the EU, they don't all have to behave in exactly the same way. The notes and coins were introduced in January 2002, when 12 countries started to use them instead of their own currencies. Such laws are presented to the European Parliament only at the discretion of the European Commission. Heads of state or government of EU countries are members, so Prime Minister Theresa May is currently a member of this. "When a gamer creates a video game video for YouTube, the video itself is a new copyright work owned by the gamer. 1957: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands signed up to the EEC, or Common Market in 1957, 1973: Britain, Ireland and Denmark joined, 2004: The biggest enlargement happened with Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta and Cyprus all joining. Come on a video tour with him. At the moment, UK and EU politicians are making all the final arrangements for Brexit to happen, as there is lots to sort out. The European elections took place between 23-26 May 2019. Among other things, the EU is the biggest tariff-free trade area in the world. There are 28 EU commissioners - one from each member state - and each one focuses on a policy area, for example justice and home affairs, or the EU internal market. Many feel that it is positive for UK citizens to be able to move freely between other EU countries - either to live, work or study - which won't be the case once the UK is no longer a member. None of the money comes from the EU budget It is based across Strasbourg (France), Brussels (Belgium) and Luxembourg. A look at the differences and similarities between the Gulf Cooperation Council and the European Union. Before the Lisbon Treaty they had little influence over agriculture, fisheries or the EU budget. EU citizens can study, live, shop, work and retire in any EU country - and enjoy products from all over Europe.". How does the EE Video Data Pass work? With the EE Video Data Pass you can stream content, in the UK and in EU member countries, on selected video apps without using your plan’s data allowance. The Bank borrows money on capital markets and lends it on favourable terms to projects that support EU objectives. Three territories are special members of the EU and part of the Schengen Area: the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. According to YouTube, the algorithm is basically a “real-time feedback loop that tailors videos to each viewer’s different interests.” It decides which videos will get suggested to individual users. It is based in Brussels (Belgium). The Commission can levy fines or suspend EU funding. Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China. It is based in Brussels (Belgium). The EU's new diplomatic service was one of the key innovations under the Lisbon Treaty, intended to give the EU "one voice" internationally. Introducing the European Union How it works, who does what What this publication is about This publication is a guide on how the European Union (EU) works. The European Council, which is the meeting place for heads of state or government, sets the EU’s overall policy agenda and its priorities. The European Union is a club of 28 countries from around Europe, whose governments work together. In the past, the UK has chosen to opt out of some important EU decisions like using the euro, and it didn't sign up to a special deal called the Schengen Treaty, which made border controls more relaxed. Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Usually this institution is simply called "the Council". Britain leaving the EU has been given a special name, which you have probably heard before - Brexit (made up of the words 'Britain' and 'exit'). David Cameron was prime minister before Theresa May and brought about the Brexit vote, even though he thought the UK should have stayed within the EU, UK adults voted to leave a group of countries called the European Union, EU leaders have approved Britain's plan for leaving, Prime Minister Theresa May to get politicians in the UK Parliament to sign off on it too. How do you weigh up the risks of the AZ vaccine? The EU contract, by contrast, doesn't go into this level of detail about notification when manufacturing plans change. 2. Some European countries initially offered the vaccine only to 18-64 year-olds because they said there was limited data on how well it protects the over-65s. This is because human beings take decisions and shape policies. HOW DOES THE EU WORK? Kyaw Zwar Minn spends the night in his car after saying the military attaché "occupied" the embassy. But Macron wasn't having it. Lots of people also want the UK to be able to limit the number of people who come here to work from other EU countries. As a member of the EU, the UK has to abide by its rules. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Together, they are called the eurozone. It works to promote peace, human rights and equality, protect the environment and promote sustainability, respect and protect culture and heritage, set health and living standards, and invest in education and research. On 23 June 2016, UK adults voted to leave a group of countries called the European Union (EU). Why do some people want the UK to stay in the EU? It is called qualified majority voting (QMV). A majority of MEPs want the parliament to be permanently based in Brussels, to stop the expensive monthly shuttle to Strasbourg, where the full "plenary" sessions are held. Who turns up depends on what the council is talking about. It is based in Brussels (Belgium). Their chairman is European Council President Herman Van Rompuy, who took office in 2009 and will step down in December 2014. Many countries in the EU also use a special currency called the euro. Now, countries in the EU work together on many more issues than just buying and selling to each other. About 90 % of loans are made within the EU. It also checks that all the other parts of the EU are working fairly. sets the general political direction and priorities of the EU, but it does not pass laws. It's like a school council, but instead of people from each year, there are people from each country. The vote was over two years ago, but it is still being talked about a lot as the UK hasn't left yet the EU. The most recent big news is that EU leaders have approved Britain's plan for leaving. decides whether suggestions from the European Commission should be made into new laws. In the main, the Council approves a law if 55% of ministers representing 65% or more of the Union’s population vote in favour, a process called double-majority voting that aims to “reflect the legitimacy of the EU as a union of both peoples and nations”. 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