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Although its waters renew when they reach the sea, the bay is the final receiver of all the tributaries generated along its banks and in the basins of the many rivers and streams that flow into it. Rio de Janeiro. Portuguese born people accounted for 20.4% of the population of Rio, and those with a Portuguese father or a Portuguese mother accounted for 30.8%. [134][135], Some notable higher education institutions are Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Federal University of the Rio de Janeiro state (UNIRIO); Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ); Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ, often nicknamed Rural); Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio); Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV); Military Institute of Engineering (IME); Superior Institute of Technology in Computer Science of Rio de Janeiro (IST-Rio); College of Publicity and Marketing (ESPM); National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics (IMPA); Superior institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ) and Federal Center of Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ). [83], Different ethnic groups contributed to the formation of the population of Rio de Janeiro. [148] Many of his short stories and novels, like Quincas Borba (1891) and Dom Casmurro (1899), are placed in Rio. The city became the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City in 1968) to host the Games. Many of the most important retail stores are located in the centre, but others are scattered throughout the commercial areas of the other districts, where shopping centres, supermarkets, and other retail businesses handle a large volume of consumer trade. Bands from Rio de Janeiro also had influence in the mid-to-late development of the Punk in Brazil, and that of Brazilian thrash metal. Brazilians with at least one Portuguese parent, Portuguese immigrants and their descendants, Rio de Janeiro appears in the driving game, Rio de Janeiro was featured in the racing game, Rio de Janeiro appears as a playable map in, Rio de Janeiro appears as a track in the arcade-exclusive racing game, This page was last edited on 4 April 2021, at 12:03. Rio de Janeiro has the oldest operating electric tramway in Latin America,[187] now mainly used by tourists and less by daily commuters. Rio de Janeiro IPA: [hɪjɔ 'dɛʒa,nɛjrɔ] (česky Lednová řeka) je brazilské město ve stejnojmenném spolkovém státu na jihovýchodním pobřeží země na ploše 1 260 km². And shortly after her arrival, in September 1894, the first football match in Brazil took place in the field beside the textile factory. [196] Because of the organization of the 2016 Olympics the city is installing four BRT systems to link Barra da Tijuca with other major neighbourhoods: TransOlimpica (between Barra and Deodoro); TransBrasil (over the Avenida Brasil expressway); TransCarioca (between Barra and the Galeão International Airport); and TransOeste (between Barra and Santa Cruz, over Avenida das Américas). Every 31 December, 2.5 million people gather at Copacabana Beach to celebrate New Year's in Rio de Janeiro. [52][53] The World Meteorological Organization has advised that Brazil, especially its southeastern region, must be prepared for increasingly severe weather occurrences in the near future, since events such as the catastrophic January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides are not an isolated phenomenon. The project will host the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra becoming a main center for music as will be the largest modern concert hall in South America, with 1,780 seats. A large terminal for long-distance buses is in the Santo Cristo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. [185] Integration of bus lines has been recently implemented, allowing users to take two non-air conditioned bus rides in two hours paying just one ticket. Among its several museums, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important. [25], At the time Brazil's Old Republic was established, the city lacked urban planning and sanitation, which helped spread several diseases, such as yellow fever, dysentery, variola, tuberculosis and even black death. Located on the 25th floor, the Presidential Suite offers panoramic views of the sea, Cagarra Islands and the beaches of Leblon and Ipanema. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape. The results of the tests of genomic ancestry are quite different from the self made estimates of European ancestry. [40], The Marapendi lagoon and the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon have suffered with the leniency of the authorities and the growth in the number of apartment buildings close by. six kilometres (3.7 miles) of cycle paths traverse the Tijuca National Park. Its architecture embraces churches and buildings dating from the 16th to the 19th centuries, blending with the world-renowned designs of the 20th century. The highest peak of the city of Rio de Janeiro is the Pedra Branca Peak (Pico da Pedra Branca) inside the Pedra Branca State Park. [100] The Rio de Janeiro Cathedral was inaugurated in 1979, in the central region of the city. United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves, transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil, United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, National Economic and Social Development Bank, city rankings of cost of living for expatriate employees, List of Rio de Janeiro schools, colleges, universities and research centers, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of the Rio de Janeiro state, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Superior Institute of Technology in Computer Science of Rio de Janeiro, National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Federal Center of Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont National Airport, Galeão–Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport, List of twin towns and sister cities in Brazil, "2019 population estimates. Residents of the city are known as cariocas. Rio has many important cultural landmarks, such as the Biblioteca Nacional (National Library), one of the largest libraries in the world with collections totalling more than 9 million items; the Theatro Municipal; the National Museum of Fine Arts; the Carmen Miranda Museum; the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden; the Parque Lage; the Quinta da Boa Vista; the Imperial Square; the Brazilian Academy of Letters; the Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro; and the Natural History Museum. On 2 October 2009, the International Olympic Committee announced that Rio de Janeiro would host the 2016 Olympic Games and the 2016 Paralympic Games, beating competitors Chicago, Tokyo, and Madrid. Besides Maracanã, the North Zone of Rio also has other tourist and historical attractions, such "Nossa Senhora da Penha de França Church", the Christ the Redeemer (statue) with its stairway built into the rock bed, 'Manguinhos', the home of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, a centenarian biomedical research institution with a main building fashioned like a Moorish palace, and the Quinta da Boa Vista, the park where the historic Imperial Palace is located. All Sponsored Events are shared on Riodejaneiro.com. [75] The favelas resemble the slums of Paris, New York or other major cities in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States and Europe, or similar neighborhoods in present underdeveloped countries. The Guanabara Bay has lost mangrove areas and suffers from residues from domestic and industrial sewage, oils and heavy metals. On 21 April of that year, the capital of Brazil was officially moved to Brasília. Faraco, Carlos Emílio e Moura, Francisco Mato. [149] Located in Cinelândia, the National Library was originally created by the King of Portugal, in 1810. [130] The Rua Farme de Amoedo is located in Ipanema, a famous neighborhood in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The Ginásio do Maracanãzinho was the host arena for the official FIBA Basketball World Championship for its 1954 and 1963 editions. V roce 2014 zde žilo přes 6 400 000 obyvatel a v celé městské oblasti pak přes 11 600 000 obyvatel. It has 8 lines and 270 kilometres (168 mi), with 102 stations. It is also the largest library in all of Latin America. [81] The census revealed the following numbers: 3,239,888 White people (51.2%), 2,318,675 Pardo (multiracial) people (36.5%), 708,148 Black people (11.5%), 45,913 Asian people (0.7%), 5,981 Amerindian people (0.1%). The influence of the African-Brazilian drums and music became more noticeable from the first half of the 20th century. Westwards from the older zones of Rio, Barra da Tijuca is a flat complex of barrier islands of formerly undeveloped coastal land, which constantly experiences new constructions and developments. The bike sharing system has 600 bicycles available at 60 rental stations in 14 neighborhoods throughout the city. Before European colonization, there were at least seven different indigenous peoples speaking 20 languages in the region. These buses run several routes, the main being from Centro through Botafogo, Copacabana and Ipanema to Leblon (and vice versa), and from the International Airport to Barra, through the beach road. As a result of the influx of immigrants to Brazil from the late 19th to the early 20th century, also found in Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan area are communities of Levantine Arabs who are mostly Christian or Irreligious, Spaniards, Italians, Germans, Japanese,[92] Jews, and people from other parts of Brazil. The splendor of the building, with straight and sober lines, is due to the changing stained glass windows carved on the walls up to the dome. In Greater Rio, which has one of the highest per capita incomes in Brazil, retail trade is substantial. In these unusual times during the Corona pandemic, we might be forgetting just how many interesting things and activities that exist in the world. Between 1961 and 1990, at the INMET (Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology) conventional station in the neighborhood of Saúde, the lowest temperature recorded was 10.1 °C (50.2 °F) in October 1977,[64] and the highest temperature recorded was 39 °C (102.2 °F) in December 1963. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most beautiful and vibrant cities that you could ever visit. In 2012, CNN elected Ipanema the best city beach in the world.[74]. The elderly tramcars, which dated from the 1950s,[192] were retired and replaced with newly built replicas that have the appearance of the old fleet but with new mechanical equipment and additional safety features;[193] delivery began in 2014. [189] At this time the gauge was altered to 1,100 mm (3 ft 7.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 5⁄16 in), which remains the case today. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state, after São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Sansone, Livio. The statues on the top, of two women representing Poetry and Music, are by Rodolfo Bernardelli, and the interior is rich with furnishings and fine paintings. The complex spans approximately 90 thousand square metres (1 million square feet) and also features a chamber music hall, three theaters, and 12 rehearsal rooms. Some of the best singers in the history of Rio de Janeiro are Lobão, Tim Maia, Agepê, Emílio Santiago, Evandro Mesquita, Byafra, Erasmo Carlos, Elymar Santos, Gretchen, Latino, Kátia Cega, Rafael Ilha, Sérgio Mallandro e Wilson Simonal. Morrison, Allen (November 2010; later updates). In the sports field, Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2007 Pan American Games and the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final. However, the Bangu Football Club was not formally created until 1904. [162], Rio de Janeiro was one of the host cities of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, for which on both occasions Brazil was the host nation. Home of one of the largest stages in Latin America and one of Brazil's best known venues for opera, ballet, and classical music, the building was inspired by the Palais Garnier, home of the Paris Opera. Rio de Janeiro offers a sultry charm with its lush scenery and endless sunshine. Rio has roads to all neighbour States. Rio de Janeiro is the main setting of the 2011 film Rio and the secondary main setting of Rio 2, with the main setting of being the Amazon Rainforest.Its name literally means "River of January" in Portuguese. In addition, Rio has an ample offering of private schools that provide education at all levels. [150], The Real Gabinete Português de Leitura (Portuguese Royal Reading Library) is located at Rua Luís de Camões, in the Centro (Downtown). In 1950, the Maracanã Stadium hosted 8 matches, including all but one of the host team's matches. The summit can be reached via a two-stage cable car trip from Praia Vermelha, with the intermediate stop on Morro da Urca. The samba (from Bahia with Angolan influence) and the famous local version of the carnival (from Europe) first appeared under the influence of the black community in the city. Many of Rio de Janeiro's roughly 1000 slums, or favelas, are located in the North Zone. Later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 2014, the Maracanã hosted seven matches, including the final, where Germany beat Argentina 1–0. [174], At the Wharf of Gamboa, leaseholders operate terminals for sugar, paper, iron and steel products. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. Eventually this French settlement became too much of a threat to the established Portuguese colony and in 1560 the order was made to get rid of them. [188] It was designated a national historic monument in 1985.[189]:111. Duration: 9 hours (approx.) Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre and the National Library building. The festival is considered the eighth best in the world by the specialized site Fling Festival.[158]. The first line runs from General Osório in Ipanema to Uruguai Station in Tijuca. The port handled 852 thousand tons of wheat, more than 1.8 million tons of iron and steel, over a million tons of liquid bulk cargo, almost 830 thousand tons of dry bulk, over five thousand tons of paper goods, and over 78 thousand vehicles. The Pedra Branca State Park (Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca)[76] is the biggest urban state park in the world comprising 17 neighborhoods in the west side, being a "giant lung" in the city with trails,[77] waterfalls and historic constructions like an old aqueduct in the Colônia Juliano Moreira[78] in the neighborhood of Taquara and a dam in Camorim. The main yacht clubs are in Botafogo area that extends halfway between Copacabana and the center of town. Rio de Janeiro (/ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ, - deɪ -, - də -/; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] (listen);[4]), or simply Rio,[5] is the second-most populous city in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. Tourism and entertainment are other key aspects of the city's economic life. It is the fifth best in Latin America; the second best in Brazil, second only to the University of São Paulo; and the best in Latin America, according to the QS World University Rankings. In the morning, enjoy a panoramic city tour and ride a cable car to the top of Sugar Loaf Mountain. Rio also has a large proportion of state-sanctioned violence, with about 20% of all killings committed by state security. In Brazilian Popular Music & Globalization, 135–60. The territory of the former Federal District became its own state, Guanabara, after the bay that borders it to the east, encompassing just the city of Rio de Janeiro. [137], The Rio de Janeiro State University (public), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (public), Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets (private) and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (private) are among the country's top institutions of higher education. [82] The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male. Today, nearly half of the city's population is by phenotype perceptibly black or part black. The main waves of internal migration came from people of African, mixed or older Portuguese (as descendants of early settlers) descent from Minas Gerais and people of Eastern European, Swiss, Italian, German, Portuguese and older Portuguese-Brazilian heritage from Espírito Santo in the early and mid-20th century, together with people with origins in Northeastern Brazil, in the mid-to-late and late 20th century, as well some in the early 21st century (the latter more directed to peripheries than the city's core). The city is the nation's top tourist attraction for both Brazilians and foreigners. [144] Major international films set in Rio de Janeiro include Blame it on Rio; the James Bond film Moonraker; the Oscar award-winning, critically acclaimed Central Station by Walter Salles, who is also one of Brazil's best-known directors; and the Oscar award-winning historical drama, Black Orpheus, which depicted the early days of Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro. Most paths run alongside beaches and extend intermittently from the Marina da Glória, Centro, through Flamengo, Copacabana and Ipanema, to Barra da Tijuca and Recreio dos Bandeirantes. As with many of Rio de Janeiro's cultural monuments, the library was originally off-limits to the general public. The line was restored to its full pre-2011 length of 6 km (4 mi) in January 2019.[195]. [117], To attract industry, the state government has designated certain areas on the outskirts of the city as industrial districts where infrastructure is provided and land sales are made under special conditions. According to the 2000 Census, the city had 5,473,909 people, and an area of over 1,000 km 2.In 2008 Eduardo Paes became Mayor. Construction, also an important activity, provides a significant source of employment for large numbers of unskilled workers and is buoyed by the number of seasonal residents who build second homes in the Greater Rio de Janeiro area. Major streets include Avenida Rio Branco and Avenida Vargas, both constructed, in 1906 and 1942 respectively, by destroying large swaths of the colonial city. Carnaval is known as a historic root of Brazilian music. The city hosted the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil. One of the city neighborhoods is Paquetá Island, which can only be accessed by ferryboats or hydrofoil boats. Currently undergoing reconstruction, it now has the capacity for 90,000; it will eventually hold around 80,000 people. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos, captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, or under Gonçalo Coelho. [41][42], There are, on the other hand, signs of decontamination in the lagoon made through a public-private partnership established in 2008 to ensure that the lagoon waters will eventually be suitable for bathing. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of the Brazilian GDP. Though the most exclusive and interesting is probably the Rio Yacht club, where high society makes it a point to congregate. One of the most popular sea sports in the city is yachting. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds of different shows and events along the beach. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro is the second largest archdiocese in Brazil after São Paulo. The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres (456.5 sq mi),[35] is about 6,000,000. Individual items of special interest include a rare first edition of Os Lusíadas by Luis de Camões, published in 1584; two copies of the Mogúncia Bible; and a first edition of Handel's Messiah. They come in both non-air conditioned (R$3.80)[183] and air conditioned versions (R$3–R$5.40). London: Routledge, 2002. [26] Inspired by the city of Paris, Passos built the Municipal Theatre, the National Museum of Fine Arts and the National Library in the city's center; brought electric power to Rio and created larger avenues to adapt the city to automobiles. [129], The city is an important global LGBT destination, 1 million LGBT tourists visiting each year. In the late 19th century, there were sessions held of the first Brazilian film and since then, several production cycles have spread out, eventually placing Rio at the forefront of experimental and national cinema. The city of Rio de Janeiro is served by the following airports for use: The Port of Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's third busiest port in terms of cargo volume, and it is the center for cruise vessels. Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [186] However, it is only available during weekdays. The numerical presence of the Portuguese was extremely high, accounting for 72% of the foreigners who lived in the capital. Romantic and realist modes both flourished through the late 19th century and often overlapped within works.[145]. [119], Rio de Janeiro is (as of 2014[update]) the second largest exporting municipality in Brazil. The humble açai berry has been pushed into the spotlight with its superfood status and incredible health properties. Most Brazilians with some cultural contact with Rio know how to easily differentiate between the local dialect, fluminense, and other Brazilian dialects.

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